Currently, only a handful of countries in the world make their own planes — and for good reason, extremely high obstacles, such as serious technical expertise, rigorous regulatory requirements and eye-pop amounts of time and resources.

A major risk for Comac is a heavy reliance on U.S. and European technology, including engines, despite its promotion as "made in China." Increasing tensions with the West could affect future COMAC projects.

目前，世界上只有少数几个国家有能力自己造飞机，这是有充分理由的，理由是困难太多了，比如严格的专业技术知识、严苛的监管要求以及惊人的时间周期和资源投入。

中国商飞面临的一个主要风险是严重依赖美国和欧洲的技术，包括发动机，尽管中国商飞的飞机被称为“国产大飞机”。中国和西方的关系日益紧张，可能会影响中国商飞未来的项目。

After a 16-year development program plagued by delays, China’s homegrown C919 passenger jet made its long-awaited maiden commercial flight in May 2023.

China has acknowledged the criticism. “Some people have been questioning whether the C919 can be called a domestically-manufactured aircraft when it relies on imports,” Chinese state-run tabloid Global Times said in an editorial.

经过16年的研发，中国国产C919客机于2023年5月进行了期待已久的首次商业飞行。

《环球时报》在一篇社论中说：“有些人一直在质疑C919是否能被称为国产飞机，因为C919依赖进口。”中国接受了这一说法。

“It is true that there is a long list of foreign suppliers for the C919.”

The aircraft contains “Honeywell’s (HON) electricity system and landing gear, GE’s (GE) flight recorder, CFM Leap’s engine, Parker Aerospace’s flight control system and fuel system, Rockwell Collins’ weather radar and simulate system, and Michelin’s (MGDDY) tires,” the outlet noted. All are US or European companies.

“的确，C919的外国供应商有不少。”

C919飞机配置了“霍尼韦尔的电力系统和起落架、通用电气的飞行记录仪、CFM Leap的发动机、帕克航空的飞行控制系统和燃料系统、罗克韦尔柯林斯的天气雷达和模拟系统，以及米其林的轮胎”，这些品牌都是美国或欧洲的公司。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

That easy huh?

If you needed a few billion bucks to establish a commercial aircraft industry, you would think at least 30 nations would have had their own fully operational commercial aircraft right?

Let's see

你觉得非常简单，是吧？

如果你需要几十亿美元来打造一个商用飞机的产业，你觉得全世界至少得有30个国家拥有自己的商用飞机，对吧？

那我们一起看看吧

Threshold Engineers & Researchers

工程师和研究人员

To commercially manufacture Aircraft you need a minimum threshold workforce of engineers & researchers

Aerospace, Aeronautical and a whole bunch of engineers with significant experience working for commercial aircraft or who have studied commercial aircraft production and assembly

The Magic number for China was 25,000 to be able to draw from

This happened only by 2014–2015

想要批量生产飞机，变态天剑狂刀网页游戏，最少需要多少工程师和研究人员

航空航天和航空工程的研究人员和大量工程师，他们必须在商用飞机上有丰富的工作经验，或者研究过商用飞机的生产和组装

中国需要惊人的25000人

这还只是2014-2015年的数据

Prior to that every Aerospace Engineer or Designer worked for Defence Manufacturing or for the Space Agency

Boeing alone has a workforce of 61,000 Engineers and 4300 Researchers

The West combined has close to 160,000 Engineers and Researchers in their workforce for Commercial Aircraft Manufacture

By comparison COMAC has 11,280 Engineers and around 900 Researchers

在此之前，每个航空航天工程师或设计师都在国防制造业或航天局工作

仅波音公司就有61,000名工程师和4300名研究人员

西方国家总共有近16万名工程师和研究人员从事商用飞机的制造

而中国商飞拥有11280名工程师和约900名研究人员

Chinas largest workforce is for

Production Engineering (1998–2004)

Civil Engineering (1982–1998)

Chemical Engineering & Metallurgy (2004–2012) & Electrical Engineering (2004–2012)

Automobile Engineering (2012–2019)

Tooling & Precision Engineering (2019-)

Even today China has around 34,000 Engineers and Researchers as total workforce for Commercial Aircraft Production

中国最大的劳动力是在以下行业：

生产工程(1998-2004)

土木工程(1982-1998)

化工与冶金(2004-2012)、电气工程(2004-2012)

汽车工程(2012-2019)

模具与精密工程(2019-)

今天，中国有大约34000名工程师和研究人员从事商用飞机生产

Competition

竞争

You aren't competing with just Boeing or Airbus

Your competition is with Boeing, Rolls Royce, GE, Safran, Michelin, Dunlop and another 700–1200 companies that make from the largest airframe to the smallest on board electronic assembly

The Airframe alone to carry such a huge aircraft is a massive challenge

The Wind Tunnel System

The Electronics

The Wheels

你不仅仅是在和波音或空客竞争

你的竞争对手是波音、劳斯莱斯、通用电气、赛峰、米其林、邓禄普和另外700-1200家公司，这些公司负责从最大的机身到最小的机载电子组件的生产加工

单是能承载如此巨型飞机的机身就是一个巨大的挑战

还有风洞系统

电子系统

轮胎

Every part especially the Engine is a result of decades of continuous development by the West from the First World War

China this needed to get the Airframe Right

This alone took a decade

They then used a Canadian entity called Bombardier to get the electronics and the supply chain

They then got the electronics right. That took four years.

Then they got the Composite Wing Design and that was seven years.

That finished by 2021

They still have the largest nut to crack - THE ENGINE!!!!

Plus remember Mitsubishi has been unable to break into this market after 45 years

每一个部件，尤其是发动机，都是西方从第一次世界大战开始持续几十年不断研发的结果

中国光是搞定飞机机身就花了10年时间

然后，他们通过一家名为庞巴迪的加拿大企业获得了电子设备和供应链

他们又用了四年时间搞定了电子器件。

然后他们又花了七年时间进行复合机翼设计。

2021年才完成。

但他们还有一个最大的难题尚未攻破—引擎！！

要知道，三菱花费了45年时间都还未能打入这个市场。

Economic Fiscal Problem

经济财政问题

Like our Bullet Train, this Airliner was deemed a project that could never hope to break even by Chinas best economists

It's why they proposed the HSR or Highways where China is the boss, the master of the fantastic quality supply Chain

It's why China is investing so heavily into HSR

That's their core area

就像我们的高铁一样，中国最好的经济学家也认为这架客机永远不可能实现收支平衡

这就是他们建议发展高铁或高速公路的原因，因为中国在这两个领域是老大，是高级供应链的领袖

这就是中国大举投资高铁的原因

因为高铁是中国的核心领域

Sadly the Comac is more of a prestige issue by China

To have their own fully made aircraft is acceptable even if the aircraft costs some money to the State as subsidies to keep at even keel

Its why China sidestepped IC Engines which they could never ever perfect and are masters of EV Batteries and E Platforms on earth

The Aircraft has to be made fully indigenous on a huge scale to break even because today the selling price is lower than what it costs on an accountants scale

In 1990 - China could certainly not afford to subsidize the Aircraft by any degree of money that they can easily do in their sleep today

可悲的是，中国商飞还面临一个更大的问题—信誉问题。

拥有国产飞机是好事，即便需要国家给予补贴来保持平衡。

这就是为什么中国放弃了他们可能永远也无法完美研发出来的发动机，就算中国已经是地球上电动汽车电池和电子平台的老大。

要想实现收支平衡，这架飞机必须实现大批量的完全国产，因为现在的售价还不及核算成本。

1990年中国肯定无法负担对飞机生产的补贴，但今天他们可以轻轻松松地实现。

So establishing an Industry and producing commercially is not a joke

It takes decades of solid hard work

You are competing against a technology evolution of over 60 years or 70 years from the West

You have specialized suppliers and makers of mother machines

Exactly why Chinas EVs and Renewable Energy models are next to impossible to recapture by any other nation

They have the whole package

因此，从零打造一个工业和商业生产不是一句玩笑话

这需要几十年的辛勤努力

你们的竞争对手是已经在这个领域持续研究了六七十年之久的西方国家

你们有专门的供应商和生产商

这也是中国的电动汽车和可再生能源模式几乎无法被其他国家模仿的原因

他们有全套的资源

Pher Kimhuat