Government revenue surplus must be used wisely. Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget. Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links. Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments; agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection; and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments. In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.

实行从紧的货币政策，主要是考虑当前固定资产投资反弹压力较大，货币信贷投放仍然偏多，流动性过剩矛盾尚未缓解，价格上涨压力明显，需要加强金融调控，控制货币供应量和信贷过快增长。一要综合运用公开市场操作、存款准备金率等方式，加大对冲流动性力度；合理发挥利率杠杆调节作用；完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性。二要着力优化信贷结构，严格执行贷款条件，有保有压。控制中长期贷款增长，特别是对高耗能、高排放企业和产能过剩行业的贷款；创新和改进银行信贷服务，完善担保、贴息等制度，加大对“三农”、服务业、中小企业、自主创新、节能环保、区域协调发展等方面的贷款支持。三要深化外汇管理体制改革。完善结售汇制度，加强跨境资本流动监管，稳步推进资本项目可兑换。拓展外汇储备使用渠道和方式。同时，采取综合措施，努力改善国际收支状况。

The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure. For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.

First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio. We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates. We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.

Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others. We will limit the increase in long- and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity. We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.

Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system. We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts. We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves. Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.

防止价格总水平过快上涨，是今年宏观调控的重大任务。必须从增加有效供给和抑制不合理需求两方面采取有力措施。一要大力发展生产，特别要加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品和其他紧缺商品生产，认真落实支持发展生产的政策措施，搞好产运销衔接。二要严格控制工业用粮和粮食出口。坚决制止玉米深加工能力盲目扩张，违规在建项目必须停建。三要加快健全储备体系，改进和完善储备调节和进出口调节方式，适当增加国内紧缺重要消费品进口。四要把握好政府调价的时机和力度，必须调整的资源性产品价格和公共服务收费也要从严控制，防止出现轮番涨价。五要健全大宗农产品、初级产品供求和价格变动的监测预警制度，做好市场供应和价格应急预案。六要加强市场和价格监管，抓好教育收费、医药价格、农资价格及涉农收费的监督检查。依法打击串通涨价、囤积居奇、哄抬物价等违法违规行为。七要及时完善和落实对低收入群众的补助办法，特别要增加对生活困难群众和家庭经济困难学生的补贴，确保他们基本生活水平不因物价上涨而下降。八要遏制生产资料尤其是农业生产资料价格过快上涨。九要坚持实行“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。物价问题与人民生活密切相关，各级政府一定要把稳定市场物价放在更加重要的位置。现在，国家粮食库存充裕，主要工业消费品供大于求，只要切实加强领导，认真落实各项政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能够保证市场供应和价格基本稳定。

One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly. To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.