And while the Chinese asylum pool has drawn increasing scrutiny in recent years, asylum fraud cuts across all immigrant groups, officials say, cropping up among populations from societies in turmoil such as Guineans seeking refuge from political upheaval, Afghans fleeing war, Russians looking for sanctuary from homophobia and Mexicans running from drug violence.

Among the Chinese, the vast majority of applicants claim they were either forced to endure abortions or sterilization under China’s family planning laws or that they fear persecution based on their adherence to Christianity or their participation in banned groups like the Chinese Democracy Party and Falun Gong, a spiritual movement that has been labeled a cult by the government.

在中国移民的庇护申请中，大多数申请者都声称他们或者因为计划生育被强迫堕胎或绝育，或者因为是基督教徒或参与某些被禁止的团体而遭到迫害。

And while many such claims are legitimate, officials and industry specialists said, an untold number are not. Mr. Kwong said the cases were easy to fake.

“The law itself provides a huge loophole, and that loophole cannot be closed because of the politics,” he said.

法律本身就提供了巨大的漏洞，而这个漏洞又由于政治原因不能被关闭。彼得·邝 Kwong说。

Sometimes the fraud consists of little more than embellishing stories to make them seem more believable. Other times, the accounts are complete fiction.

有时候造假只是比修饰故事更多一点点的内容以使故事更加可信，而有时整个故事都是造假。

Narratives and documents are recycled from client to client, with the names and dates changed — though sometimes the lawyers forget to do even that.

叙述和文件甚至都可以循环利用，这个客户用完，下个客户还可以再用，只需要把姓名和日期改一下——甚至有时候这些律师都忘记改了。

Several immigrants said in interviews in Chinatown and Flushing that while their cases were based on true stories of persecution, some of the documents supporting their claims were false. (Many Chinese immigrants interviewed for this article agreed to talk only on the condition of anonymity.)

A well-connected member of the Taiwanese community in Queens said that while working at an immigration law office in Queens several years ago, one of his tasks was to use Photoshop to superimpose clients’ faces onto file photos of people who had been beaten by the police in China. “Everything was prefabricated,” he said.

皇后区有一个台湾人社团，其中一个人脉很广的成员说，他几年前在皇后区的移民律师事务所工作的时候，他的其中一个任务就是用Photoshop把客户的脸P到被中国警察追打的那些人的头上，”一切都是提前准备好的“，他说。

In Flushing and other Chinese enclaves, many churches give attendance receipts to help parishioners prove their Christian faith to asylum officers. It is widely believed in the Chinese community that the pews are full of as many nonbelievers as true believers.

在法拉盛和其他一些华人聚居区，许多教堂都提供出席收据以帮助信徒向移民官证明他们的基督教信仰。很多人都觉得华社中教堂基本上真正的信仰者和假的信仰者是一半一半。

The dozens of people rounded up in 2012, including employees of at least 10 law firms, were accused of “weaving elaborate fictions” on behalf of hundreds of clients and coaching them on how to lie during their asylum interviews and in court. One of the lawyers would sign blank asylum petitions and let others fill them out with stories he never reviewed, prosecutors said.

数十位2012年被集结起来的人，包括至少10家律师事务所的雇员，都被指控替他们上百位客户”编造精致的故事“以及教他们如何在庇护面试和法庭中撒谎。甚至一个律师会签署一份空白的庇护申请，然后让其他人弃填故事，而这位律师从不去审阅这些故事。

Victor You, a star witness for the prosecution who worked as an assistant at several law firms and pleaded guilty to immigration fraud, said he would craft a story based on characteristics like clients’ ages and schooling. He would feed the Falun Gong narrative to uneducated immigrants because it was easiest to remember, he said in court testimony last week. Christianity claims went to young immigrants with at least a high school education.

Victor You是诉讼中的主要证人，他曾经在多个律师事务所做助理，并且对于移民欺诈行为也进行了招认。他说，他会根据客户的特征，比如年龄和学历来编造故事。如果是编造基督教徒的故事，那么应该是给年轻的、至少有高中学历的申请者。

When clients veered off-script during interviews with asylum officers, prosecutors said, some interpreters would falsely translate the client’s words.

Liying Lin, a defendant who worked at a church in Flushing, would give paid lessons in the basics of Christianity for immigrants seeking asylum for religious reasons and would coach applicants on how to lie, prosecutors said.

Liying Lin，在法拉盛一个教堂工作，她也是一个被告。她被指控为庇护移民申请者提供付费的基督教基础知识讲解，以使他们能够以宗教原因申请庇护，同时她还教申请者如何撒谎。

Ms. Lin’s trial on immigration fraud began last Tuesday. While she declined to comment for this article, her lawyer, Kenneth Paul, said in court that she was a devout Christian whose “goal was to help these individuals find God through the teachings of Christianity.”

Of the eight lawyers indicted, officials said, Mr. Wang was one of the most prolific. Between 2010 and 2012, his office filed more than 1,300 asylum petitions with the New York asylum office.